Oil burning heater



\ Nov. 1s, 1941. a FQ CASTLE ET AL 2,262,922

OIL BURNING HEATER Filed June '7, 1940 Patented Nov. 1s, 1941 on. BUaNlNG HEATER Boyd F. Castle, Henry Lange, and Frederick G. Suchland, Quincy, Iii.,` asslgnors to .The Quincy Stove Manufacturing Company, Quincy, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application June 7, 1940, serial No. 339,236

12 Claims.

This invention relates to an oil burning heatery having a concentric burner with a central inspirating air inlet.

In many oil burning heaters, air is admitted at the outside which has a tendency to centralize and concentrate the heat and burning gases so that the greatest heating efficiency is not obtained. In thepresent invention this objection is overcome by providing the air inlet in the form of an inspirator at the center of the burner, causing the path of the llames and the products of combustion to pass from the center outwardly to produce an outwardly daring and spiral movement of the gases, thereby tending to throw them in contact with the outer wall or drum of the heater for quickly producing 4the desirable heating effect.

Important objects of the invention are: to provide an improved central inspirating structure for causing anoutward movement of the products of combustion; to provide an improved inspirating burner 'with a central air inlet for low ame burning conditions; to provide a central inspirating burner with parallel perforated shells in which the corresponding perforations are axially tributing ythe heat which is given olf by the drum due tothe operation of the burner.

The burner comprises a receptacle I1 having a centralv opening I8 at the bottom andan outwardly extending upper rim I9 with a flanged edge 20 secured to the inner wall of the .drum by any suitable fastening means 2I and the wall of the receptacle being spaced from the inner Wall of thev drum by the rim I9.

Seated Within the receptacle and extending upwardly from the central opening I8 is an inspirator comprising an inner sleeve 22 which substantially fits the, opening I8 and a surrounding shell 23 spaced from the sleeve to provide a ring-shaped cylindrical mixing chamber 24 closed at the top and the shell held in spaced relation by a ring 25 located below the top of the sleeve 22.

The bottom edge of the shell'is above the bottom of the pot a sufficient distance to permit v thevaporized gases to enter the mixing space aligned and proportioned to obtain the proper" gas-to-air mixture; to utilize a central inspirating air burner for throwing fiames and products of combustion outwardly for quickly and thoroughly heating the outer wall surfaces; and in general to produce the structure herein shown and described.

I'n the accompanying drawing illustrating preferred embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an` oil burning heater in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a detail section showing a modification ofthe burner heat delecting surface made of a plastic material; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the burner showing the inspirational openings in proper alignment to produce the proper mixing of primary air.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, a heating drum I0 of suitable sheet metal is loosely enclosed in an outer casing I I with an air space between them all around the sides and top. A discharge flue or pipe I2 extends from the drum near the top thereof through the casing and in the drum below the pipe I2 are ballies I3, having a number of openings I4 about the edge at a distance from the flue pipe and I5 having a central opening I6 out of a line with the openings I3. Any suitable means may be provided in the casing or leading from the casing for dis- 24, providing free communication from the bottom of the receptacle with the annular mixing chamber 24. Located in the sleeve and shell are a number of'rows of corresponding aligned holes or openings 2l and 28 which constitute inspira- Vtors for air from within .the sleeve 22 across the mixing chamber 24 and outwardly through the openings in the shell. The openings or perforations in the outer shell are preferably larger than the corresponding aligned openings 21 in the inner sleeve 22. At the top of the sleeve which projects above the ring 25 is another row of openings 29, and the top of the sleeve is closed by a cap or top plate 30 which extends outwardly to approximately the same extent as the shell 23 so that the openings 29 admit secondary air at the top of the burner which is deflected outwardly by the projecting edge of the top` plate and materially aids in completing the combustion and effects the clean and' clear burning of the fuel by the burner. A

For low heat and maintaining a minimum re in the burner, a flange 3l is secured to the outer shell at a point above the lower row of holes 28,

and an outer wall or deilector 32 may be positioned within the receptacle, preferably having a lower straight rim placed in alignment with the flange 3| and leaving a narrow annularspace ing the flames and gases upwardly and outwardly Y where they contact with the walls of the drum Il. V

If desired a restraining ring 35 may be seated upon the rim Il, and projecting inwardly therefrom, to deflect the names and products of combustion from the lower walls of the dnim directly above the heater.

' Fuel is'admltted to the annular bottom of the receptacle through a pipe n which extends through openings in the lower wall of the drum and of the casing surrounding it.

At the bottom ofthe drum below the burner isa baille plate I1 having a number of openings of the drum, the drum being suitably supported in the casing Il as by angle iron braces or supports 40. 1

Instead of the heatvdeector 32 being made of metal it may be composed of a plastic heat resisting material such as rebrick and if desired a unitary or sectional tlrepot of this material 4I may be substituted for the upper wall of a receptacle as shown in Fig. 2, in which the receptacle is shown with a short outer wall I3 terminating in the flange I9 at about the level of the flange 3| so that the lower edge 44 of the plastic material 4| is supported on the rim I9 providing a reduced ring-shaped neck or opening 45 for the low heat condition above the lower ring n of openings 28.

In the operation of the above described device oil is delivered to the bottom of the receptacle or potll in regulated quantity; Assuming the oil to have beenignited as by torch, match or v burning oil-soaked waste, flowing oil will be vaporized to form oil gas.

The air flowing into the receptacle through the relatively small apertures 21 and the aligned relatively large apertures 28 produces an aspirating effect or injector action which induces the flow of fuel gas into the mixing chamber 24 where it is mixed with the aspirating air and then injected into the receptacle or retort where it is burned. l

By regulation of the inflowing fuel, which regulation may be automatically controlled if so desired, the resultant fire when the burner is in normal operation may be low and function as a pilot flre or may have a greater degree varying from low to maximum or high fire at which time most`if not all of the visible ame will lie above the top of the-receptacle I1. At low fire, combustion will occur near the bottom of the receptacle I1 due to the fact that the air flowing through the lowermost row of apertures is sufficient to support combustion of the generated fuel gaswhere as at .higher stages of re where resultant combustion is raised, air owing through the lowermost or lower rows of apertures may be termed primary air in that it is insumcient in quantity to support combustion, and therefore mixes or combines with the fuel gas to form a 'combustible mixture which is later burned by air from higher rows of apertures which may be termed secondary air.- -For example, at maximum or high flame all of the aspirating air may be primary air, the visible combustion being eifected by secondary air ilowing-through the apertures 29, which, being directed radially'outward, tend to ilatten the ame as well as to mix with the combustible gas.

We claim:

1. An oil burning heater comprising a burner receptacle, a central air inlet opening and a fuel inlet in the bottom thereof, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from the opening and closed at the top, a correspondingly perforated shell surrounding the sleeve to form a fuel mixing space open at the bottom to the receptacle, means at the top of the shelll for closing the space. the sleeve having openings above the top'of the shell to supply secondary air at the top of the receptacle.

2. An'oil burning heater in accordance with claim 1, in which the sleeve is closed by a plate at the upper end which extends outwardly to form a defiector substantially the width of the shell for directing. secondary air outwardly from the top of the sleeve into the space at the top of the receptacle.

3. A ring-shaped burner comprising an open 'pot with imperforate walls and a central air opening, and means comprising a pair of spaced members provided with aligned apertures and in communication with said opening forming a central fuel inspirator in the pot extending upwardly from the opening with a fuel mixing chamber between said members open to the pot at the bottom to receive vaporized gas therefrom and to inject said gas therefrom outwardly in the pot.

4. An oil burning heater comprising a recep spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at thel bottom for communication with said receptacle, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating Jets from the interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air, the resultant mixture being directed into said receptacle outwardly of said shell.

5. An oil burning heater comprising a receptacle with a bottom air opening and means to supply fuel to the said receptacle, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly'from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle. means extending between said sleeve and shell at the top thereof to close said chamber, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from thev interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with s aid air, the resultant mixture being directed. into said receptacle outwardly of said shell.

6. An oil burning heater comprising a receptacle with a bottom air opening and means to supply fuel to the said receptacle, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air, the resultant mixture being directed into said receptacle outwardly of said shell, and means to deliver air unmixed with gas radially outward for admixture with the gases from said receptacle.

7. An oil burning heater comprising a. receptacle with a bottom air opening and means to supply fuel tothe said receptacle, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air, the resultant mixture being directed into said receptacle outwardly of said shell, and means to deliver air unmixed with gas radially outward supply fuel to said receptacle, a perforated sleeve tended portion of said sleeve provided with outwardly directed apertures.

extending upwardly from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from the interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air, the resultant mixture being directed into said receptacle outwardly of said shell, means extending between said sleeve and shell adjacent the top thereon to close said chamber at the top and means to direct air into said receptacle above said l chamber.

8. An' oil burning heater comprising a receptacle with a bottom air opening and means to supply fuel to the said receptacle, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle, the perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from the interior of .said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air, the resultant mixture being directed into said receptacle outwardly of said shell, means to deliver air unmixed with gas radially outward for admixture with the gases from said receptacle, said last named means comprising an extended portion of said sleeve provided with outwardly directed apertures and a deflector member located above said last named apertures.

9. An oil burning heater comprising a receptacle with a bottom air opening and-means to supply fuel to the said receptacle, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said opening, a perforated shell surrounding said sleeve and spaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle. the perforations in said sleeve and shell being| arranged in augment to direct aspirating jets from the interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture 1l. An oil burning heater comprising a recepf tacle with a bottom air opening and means to supply fuel to thesaid receptacle,a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said opening, a

perforated shell surrounding said sleeve andspaced therefrom to form a chamber open at the bottom for communication with said receptacle, means to close said chamber at the top thereon, perforations in said sleeve and shell being arranged in alignment to direct aspirating jets from the interior of said sleeve through said chamber into said receptacle whereby fuel vapor will be induced into said chamber for admixture with said air and the resultant mixture directed into said receptacle outwardly of said sleeve, said apertures being arranged in substantially horizontal rows.

l2. An oil burning heater comprising an open pot with'imperforate walls and a central air opening, a central fuel inspirator in the pot exv tending upwardly from the opening constituting a fuel mixing chamber being open to the pot at the bottom to receive vaporlzed oil gas from said pot, said inspirator comprising spaced walls one within the other, each provided with aligned perforations operable to effect inspiration of the vaporlzed gas into said mixing chamber and therefrom into said pot by now of air from said central air opening through said apertures.

BOYD F. CASTLE.

HENRY LANGE.

FREDERICK G. SUCHLAND. 

